The environment in which children are brought up is very important as far as their
wellbeing is concerned (Baig et al., 2021; Morawska & Sanders, 2017). For example,
Morawska and Sanders (2017) posit that the home atmosphere that is beneficial to the
flourishing of the children is found where parents are mutually supportive, have
nourishing relationships with their children, and are collaborative in parenting.
Additionally, Davids et al. (2017) found that there is current evidence specifying that a
diversity of parental contribution such as parental warmth, compassionate parenting,
parental reassurance, and generally parental contribution were positively associated
with improved wellbeing among adolescents. Moreover, Thomas et al. (2020) postulate
that the quantity and type of association a parent shares with their offspring can have
either a positive or undesirable effect on their adolescent’s bodily, mental as well as
social development. Thus, Thomas et al. (2020) recommend that parents strive to have
affirmative influence in their adolescents’ lives while satisfying the adolescents’
requirement for self-sufficiency.
It could be argued therefore that divorce disorganizes the stability that existed in the
family and undermines the wellbeing of adolescents. During post-divorce parental
alienation, a hostile or toxic environment is created between the two ex-spouses where
the alienating parent (AP) would like to be seen as all blameless by the children while
the targeted parent (TP) is depicted as all wicked (Silva,2021). With this toxic
environment, the parents cannot effectively meet the needs of their children. These
needs include, emotional, physical, psychological and social needs among others. With
the children indoctrinated and being turned against the TP, there is the development of
poor parent-child relationship which is associated with a compromised wellbeing
among adolescents (Manzullo ,2021).
Adolescence is the fifth stage of human psycho-social development in Erickson (1968).
According to Baig et al. (2021), adolescence is a critical time in the life progression.
Additionally, Baig et al. (2021) theorize that the bodily, intellectual and emotional
changes prompted by the onset of puberty can make adolescence a period of
heightened sensitivity. Furthermore, Baig et al. (2021) posit that this critical phase leaves
adolescents susceptible to trauma, social segregation, intimidation by peers, and lack of
sympathetic adults as well as gender-based sexual ferocity. The developmental tasks
that need to be mastered in adolescence include; learning major life competencies; for
example, handling emotions as well as the changes occurring in their bodies and
developing a healthy life style. Other competencies include; dealing with peer group,
dealing with family dynamics and being self-aware among others (Adofo & Etsey,
2016). Thus, the adolescents are already going through a major life transition with its
own challenges and both divorce and parental alienation may further complicate
matters leading to a compromised wellbeing.