“Sometimes my mom would smile back and wave at me. I wouldn’t know
what my dad would say if he caught we waving back, but I knew it
wouldn’t be good” -Heather
One parent becoming uncomfortable with children who demonstrate affection for the
TP is a known parental alienation strategy (Baker ,2021; Harman et al., 2018; Sirbu, et
al., 2021; Verrocchio et al.,2017). This strategy also comes under the category of
eliminating and substituting the TP in the soul and mind of the child. In explaining how
the AP shows displeasure and discomfort about the other parent, Verrocchio et al.
(2017) and Harman and Birigen (2018) found that those children who show affection for
the TP are intimidated or terrorized by the AP. Moreover, children who show affection
to the TP are frequently rejected, shamed, or made to feel remorseful for displaying any
loyalty or cordiality toward the TP or the TP’s protracted family which include step-
siblings, grandparents (Harman & Biringen ,2018; Silva, 2022). This illogical rejection of
the TP who is typically the noncustodial parent combined with the spread of hostility to
the extended family is harmful to the wellbeing of children (Sirbu et al.,2021). Indeed,
Sirbu et al. (2021) maintain that this is so because children need the emotional support
of both parents for healthy psychosocial wellbeing (Tullius et al., 2022; Wambua et al.,
2021). Moreover, Harman and Biringen (2018) are of the opinion that the structure of the
parent subsystem is additionally altered and debilitated by distancing the children from
the extended family. In another interesting twist as Harman and Birigen, (2018)
established that the AP forces children to denounce or discard any gifts received from
the TP during a visit.