According to Haines et al. (2019), parental alienating behaviours are well-thought-
out complex collection of tactics employed by alienating parents and aimed at damaging
and severing the connection between the adolescent and the other parent commonly
referred to as the targeted parent.
According to PDPA expert Baker (2021) there exists seventeen primary parental
alienation tactics which have been identified drawn from investigations with grown-
ups who were alienated as children. Baker (2021) report that the 17 PA strategies have
been authenticated in a series of succeeding studies. Furthermore, Baker (2021) asserts
that these 17 primary parental alienation strategies fall into five general classifications
namely : feeding of the child with poisonous messages about the TP in which he or she
is depicted as unloving, dangerous, and inaccessible( Vehaar,2022; Aloia &
Strutzenberg,2019). In addition, the alienating parent restricts interaction and
communication concerning the child and the TP, obliterating and substituting the TP in
the soul and mind of the child, encouraging the child to be disloyal to the targeted
parent’s trust; and the undermining of the TP’s power (Harman et al.,2018; Silva ,2022).
The end results of these alienation strategies is the commencement of war and
emotional distance between the child and the TP (vehaar,2022).
According to Harman et al. (2018), the most commonly identified tactics used by
alienating parents (AP’s) include: badmouthing the TP, cold-shouldering, isolating,
demeaning or manipulating and denying the child emotional responsiveness,
horrifying of offspring who display fondness for TP, engagement of gas lighting
techniques to further entrench PDPA and forcing the children to choose between the AP
and the other parent. This study discussed the common parental alienation tactics
drawn from Baker’s 17 PA strategies.